THOUGHTS ON LINGUISTIC STATES

THOUGHTS ON LINGUISTIC STATES

________________________________________________________________

PART VII  - SATISTICAL APPENDICES

Appendix I : Population by Linguistic Families
Appendix II : Area and Population of States of United States of America
Appendix III : The Population of the Bombay City according to the Communities

Appendix IV : Provincial/ State Revenue
Appendix V  : Budgetary Position of the  States on Revenue Account
Appendix VI  : Budgetary Position of the States on Revenue Account

Appendix VII  : Central Revenues (Selected Years)

 Appendix I

Population by Linguistic Families

Language Groups	No. of languages spoken	No. of speakers as mother-tongue and subsidiary 1931 ( bilinguals shown twice)	No. of speakers 1931	No. of speakers mother-tongue 1931	Difference between columns 4 & 5 ( increase in 1931 + decrease in 1931-)	Difference between columns 4 & 3 ( increase + decrease -)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Language of India and Burma	225	366430537	315525177	349887527	+94362350	+50905360
(I) Austric  Languages
1. Indonesian Languages	2	6542	5561	6542	+981	+981
2. Mon-Khmer Languages	10	734204	549917	726578	+176661	+184287
3. Munda Languages     [f.1]	7	4710685	3973873	4609588	+635715	+736812
(II) Tibeto-Chinese  Languages
1. Tibeto-Burman Languages	128	14167611	11959011	12982840	+1023829	+2208600
2. Tai-Chinese Languages	11	1150220	926335	1027656	+101321	+223885
3. Man and Karen Languages     [f.2]	17	1351291	1114617	1342278	+227661	+236674
(III) Dravidian  Languages
1. Dravida Languages	7	47032874	37285594	41454593	+4168999	+9747280
2. Intermediate Languages	5	3661277	3056598	3609418	+552820	+604679
3. Andhra Languages	1	28195824	23601492	26373727	+2772235	+4594332
4. N.W. Languages	1	231581	184368	207049	+22681	+47213
(IV) Indo-European Languages
1. Eranian Languages	3	2457134	1981675	2270466	+288791	+475459
2. Dardic Languages	5	1354031	1304319	1522936	+218617	+238712
3. Indo-AryanLanguages	19	261105909	229560555	253699403	+24138848	+31545354
(V) Unclassed Languages
1.Andamanese	2	466	580	466	+114	-114
2.Burushashi	1	26076	---	26076	+26076	+26076
3.Gipsy dialects      [f.3]	6	25999	15018	25999	+10981	+10981
4.Languages not returned and unspecified	---	[f.4]29813	5664	2912	+3752	+24149
B. Languages of other Asiatic counties and Africa	17	305386	211894	302324	+90430	+93492
C. Languages of Europe	10	452099	319112	339706	+20594	+132987

APPENDIX II

Area and Population of States of United States of America

Name of State	Area sq. miles	Population Est. 1944
1	2	3
1. Alabama	51,609	2,818,083
2. Arirona	113,909	638,412
3. Aricansas	53,102	1,776,446
4. California	158,693	8,746,989
5. Colorado	104,247	1,147,269
6. Connecticut	5,009	1,176,807
7. Delaware	2,057	283,802
8. Florida	58,560	3,367,217
9. Georgia	58,876	3,223,727
10 Idaho	83,557	531,573
11. Illinois	56,400	7,729,720
12. Indiana	36,291	3,419,707
13. Jowa	56,280	2,269,759
14. Kansas	82,276	1,774,447
15. Kentucky	40,395	2,630,194
16. Louisiana	48,523	2,535,385
17. Maine	33,215	793,600
18. Maryland	10,577	2,127,874
19. Massachusetts	8,257	4,162,815
20. Michigan	58,216	5,429,641
21. Minnesota	84,008	2,508,663
22. Mississippi	47,716	2,175,877
23. Missouri	69,674	3,589,538
24. Montana	147,138	464,999
25. Nebraska	77,237	1,213,792
26. Nevada	110,540	156,445
27. New Hampshire	9,304	457,231
28. New Jersey	7,836	4,167,840
29. New Mexico	121,666	532,212
30. New York	49,576	12,632,890
31. North Carolina	52,712	3,534,545
32. North Dakota	70,665	528,071
33. Ohio	41,222	638,667
34. Oklahoma	69,919	2,064,679
35. Oregon	96,981	1,214,226
36. Pennsylvania	45,332	9,247,088
37. Rhode-Island	1,214	778,972
38. South Carolina	31,055	1,923,354
39. South Dakota	77,047	558,629
40. Tennessee	42,246	2,870,158
41. Texas	267,339	6,876,248
42. Utah	84,916	606,994
43. Vermont	9,609	310,941
44. Virginia	40,815	3,119,115
45. Washington	68,192	2,055,378
46. West Virginia	24,181	1,715,984
47. Wisconsin	56,154	2,975,910
48. Wyoming	97,914	257,108

APPENDIX III

The population of the Bombay City according to the Communities given in the Census of 1941 is as follows:

Hindu Scheduled Castes Muslims Indian Christians Anglo-Indians Parsees Sikhs Jains Buddhists Tribes Others	8,99,398 1,21,352 2,51,518 1,22,683 8,787 58,813 2,418 33,281 912 4,606 29,847
Total	1,489,883

The area of the Bombay City according to the Census of 1941 was 30 sq. miles.

APPENDIX IIIA
Inter-Provincial Immigration And Emigration In India
Variation As  Compared With 1921 In The Volume Of Migration Within India

Province or State	Net gain + or loss —	1931		Net gain + or loss -		1921			Variation 1921-31
		Immigrants	Emigrants			Immigrants		Emigrants	Immigrants				Emigrants
1	2	3	4	5		6		7	8				9
Provinces or States which gain
Assam  Bengal  Burma Bombay	+ ,241,011 + 771,936 + 593,3244 - 596,707	1,314,047 1,726,370 617,521 1,188,901	73,036 954,434 24,197 592,194	+1,140,752 1,132,192 + 553,471 - 472,023*		1,216,661 1,817,775 572,530 1,039,622		75,909 685,581 19,059 567,599*		+ 97,386  - 91,405 - 44,991 + 256,074		- 2,873 + 68,853 + 5,138 +318,280*[f5]
Central Provinces and Berar. Mysore Delhi Baroda	+ 27,003 215,462 +189,736 +127,907	649,064 340,700 259,163 333,077	422,061 125,238 69,427 105,176	+197,323  +210,064 +113,158 +10,674		603.924 309,850 182,485 231,880		406,601 99,786 69,327 221,206		+ 45,140 + 30,850 -76,678 +101,197		+15,460 + 25,452 +100 -16,030
Central India Agency	+ 115,566	598,102	482,536	" 58,0^6		544,688		486,632		+ 53,414		- 4,096
Travancore	+ 83,919	133,852	49,933	+ 49,732		71,973		22,241		+ 61,879		+ 27,692
Ajmer-Merwara	+ 44,029	104,938	60,909	-}- 66,033		108,452		42,419		- 3,514		+18,490
Cochin	+ 41,424	87,214	45,790	+15,792		39,689		23,897		- 47,525		+ 21,893
Coorg	+ 35,388	38619	3,231	+ 30,988		33,838		2,850		+ 4,781		+381
Baluchistan	+ 23,779	66,542	42,763	+ 5,924		66,166		60,242		+376		-17,479
North West Frontier Province.	+21,187	111,868	90,681	+ 50,835		118,395		67,560		— 6,527		+ 23,121
Andamans and Nicobars.	+13,703	14,255	582	+14,080		14,396		316		—141		+236
Provioces or States which Lose
Sikkim	- 4,782	2,403	7,212		- 2,297	1,836	4,133		+594		+ 3,079
Gwalior	-14,471	281,350	296,821		+632	289,657	289,025		- 8,307		+ 7,796
Jammu and Kashmir	- 33,266	61,189	94,445		- 22,685	61,561	84,246		-372		+10,029
Punjab	- 67,792	635,025	702,817		+ 60,940	591,885	530,942		+ 43,140		+171,875
Hyderabad	-19,788	312,814	332,602		-166,326	197,127	363,453		+115,687		- 30,851
Western India States Agency	-186,890	106,795	293,685		Included against Bombay
Rajputana	-516,898	329,913	864,811		- 625,650	242,234	8,67,893		+ 87,670		- 21,082
Madras	- 888,339	246,892	1,135,231		- 718,183	196609	914,792		+ 50,283		+ 220,439
United Provinces	1,063,143	494,308	1,557,451		- 974,642	425,152	1,399,794		+ 69,156		+157,657
Bihar and Orissa	1,291,567	466,563	1,758,130		-1,567,968	387,068	1,955,036		+ 79,495		-196,906

Includes Punjab States Agency

Note—The figures for provinces include those for the States attached to them except in the case of Madras, where they exclude Cochin and Travancore

Migration figures to and from countries outside British India are excluded.

APPENDIX IV

PROVINCIAL/ STATE REVENUE

	Yield (Crores of Rupees)					Share in total revenue (per cent)
	1921-22	1936-37	1938-39	1944-45	1953-54	1921-22	1936-37	1938-39	1944-45	1953-54
					(R. E.)					(R. E.)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Total Revenue	58.48	74.86	76.78	193.87	462.04	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Land Revenue	29.08	25.96	25.40	30.21	69.20	49.7	34.7	33.1	15.6	15.0
State excise	15.67	13.63	13.08	43.42	44.81	26.8	18.2	17.0	22.4	9.7
Stamps	10.14	10.80	9.53	15.20	23.50	17.3	14.4	12.4	7.8	5.1
Registration	1.07	1.11	1.09	2.39	3.91	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.2	0.9
General Sales Tax			.	7.91	57.25				4.1	12.4
Forests (net)	0.66	0.71	0.63	4.58	10.82	1.1	0.9	0.8	2.4	2.3
Irrigation works for which capital accounts are kept (net).	5.55	7.53	7.57	10.14	8.09	9.5	10.0	9.9	5.2	1.8
Devolution of revenue and grants from the Centre. (—)	9.02	2.67	6.45	36.89	117.92		3.6	8.4	19.1	25.6
Share of income tax assigned to States	3.09	0.04	1.47	25.75	56.90	5.3	0.1	1.9	13.3	12.3
Share of jute duty assigned to States	.	2.13	2.51	1.48			2.8	3.3	0.8
Share of Central excise duty assigned to States					15.94					3.5
Grant of aid etc. from the Centre.	12.11	.5	2.47	9.66	45.08		.7	3.2	5.0	9.8

Figures for 1921-22 exclude those for Burma but include Sind as part of Bombay. Figures for 1936-37 exclude those for Burma, Sind and N.W.F.P

Transfers from funds are excluded, receipts under forests are taken net after deducting entire expenditure from gross receipts, for other public utilities and State undertaking net receipts (after deducting working expenses) are included.

APPENDIX V

Budgetary Position of the States on Revenue Account

Figures for 1938-39 and 1944-45 are for nine Provinces excluding Sind and N.W.F.P

Figures for 1953-54 relate to all Part A, Part B and Six Part C States

PART "A" STATES

	1950-51	1951-52	1952-53	1953-54* [f6](R.E.)	1954-55 (B.E.)
Revenue	93.33	106.70	108.12	112.21	121.76
Expenditure	81.93	100.33	105.88	115.85	127.65
Surplus (+) or deficit (-)	(+) 1.45	(+) 6.17	(+)3.24	(-)3.64	(-) 5.89
Surplus (+) or deficit (-) (excluding transfers from and to Revenue Reserve Funds)	(+) 1.45	(+)5.97	(+)3.24	(-)3.64	(-) 5.89

APPENDIX VI

Budgetary Position of the States on Revenue Account

PART "B" STATES

	1950-51	1951-52	1952-53	1953-54* (R.E.)	1954-55 (B.E.)
Revenue	214.37	315.60	229.32	357.49	367.17
Expenditure	293.08	309.10	329- 37	371.64	400.89
Surplus (+) or deficit (-)	(+) 1.29	(+) 6.50	(-)0.15	(-)14.15	(-) 33.72
Surplus (+) or deficit (-) (excluding transfers from and to Revenue Reserve Funds)	(-) 3.15	(-)2.25	(-) 12.01	(-)20.82	(-) 39.86

APPENDIX VII

Central Revenues ( Selected Years)

	1921-22		1936-37		1938-39		1944-45		1953-54 (R.E.)
Total Revenue*[f7]	80. 00	100	81.45	100	82.90	100	334.40	100	394-34	100
Customs (net)	31.61	39.5	38.11	46.8	40.51	48.9	39.77	11.9	160.00	40.6
Taxes on income (net)	18.74	23.4	14.33	18.8	13.74	16.6	80.52	24.1	69.31	17.6
Corporation tax					2.04	2.5	84.22	25.2	38.4	9.7
Central excise duties (net) . .	2.80	3.5	13.35	16.4	8.66	10.5	38.14	11.4	78.00	19.8
Salt duty	6.34	7.9	8.81	10.8	8.12	9.8	9.29	2.8
Commercial Departments—
Railways (net contribution)	(-)9.09				1.37	1.7	32.00	9.6	7.50	1.9
Posts & Telegraphs (net) . .			.14	0.2	0.19	0.2	10.25	3.1	2.02	0.5

Contents                                          Continued…

 [f.1]*The correct classification of these two languages is doubtful. Pizyluski treats them as Tai (Meillet and Cohen, tongues du Monde 380), but it is probable they have Austric affinities.

 [f.2]*The correct classification of these two languages is doubtful. Pizyluski treats them as Tai (Meillet and Cohen, tongues du Monde 380), but it is probable they have Austric affinities.

 [f.3]# These dialects are drawn from various Indian languages and contain such diverse elements that they cannot fairly be allotted to one family rather than another.

 [f.4]## Includes Hill and aboriginal subsidiary languages (27,841).

 [f5] *Includes Western India Agency.

 [f6] Figures for 1953-54 include budget estimates for the composite state of Madras and revised estimates are available for later six months only.

 [f7] Total revenue includes net receipts under opium, irrigation. Forests, electricity and road transport schemes.

Figures for 1921-22 and 1936-37 are inclusive of those for Burma.

Figures for 1921-38-39 and 1944-45 relate to undivided India.